A lot of time. That is why bakers start very early in the morning and the rest of the population have purchased bread makers (this is a joke btw!)
From weighing out your flour, to proving and baking, when I am making pizza dough only, I am looking at all morning, so 3 hours or more before it is going into the oven to cook. I know I usually want the dough ready and proving 90 minutes before I am preparing to put the pizza in the oven and this dough only has the 1 proving session.
When I make sourdough bread I start in the morning (before 9am), getting the sourdough culture active, then putting it aside for several hours (3 hours I guess). When I get home around midday, I weigh out the flour and salt, and add the culture (by weight). This and kneading will take around 30 minutes minimum.
Proving will take another 3-4 hours if the weather is not too warm (sourdough proving is a slower business, about twice the length of time as normal bread but expect to take 2 hours here plus weighing out and kneading time as well). I hope to have the bread in the oven by 4pm, but I may well be proving the bread in a too warm environment for sourdough. It will take roughly 45 minutes in the oven. Another hour or so to cool enough to be used/eaten/stored.
Normal bread is quicker than sourdough. Sourdough actually gets its flavour from the length of time it is proven. Looking at a basic wholemeal recipe, I think from starting to weight your ingredients out to taking a loaf out of the oven should be about 3-4 hours first time around. You may get it down with practice!