Hmm, I've never made a steamed cake before. Here in the Philippines, we do traditionally steam a lot of our sweets since they're made with glutinous rice flour or 'malagkit'. These are very dense, I would say more along the consistency of thick chilled porridge than actual cake.
I've been getting great use out of the double-boiler on my rice cooker since getting back in touch with my culinary heritage, I can tell you!
Puto (calm down, Spanish speakers...it means something else, it's a rice muffin) comes out as a real cake, well, a real cupcake--not as a pudding. I usually just thought of them as go-to snacks that were good enough, but wow, there's a branch of Aling Banang's where the puto they make is so fluffy that it's like eating a cloud! I want to replicate that at home.
Bibingka is traditionally cooked in tin foil in some pile of hot coals...but apparently that can also be made into a double-boiler. For those of you into exotic foods, I highly recommend giving this a try especially if it has chunks of salted egg and Edam cheese--and don't scrimp on the butter. It's a sort of omelet-pancake that's very festive, as in--party in my mouth. Also comes out closer to a cake than to a pudding, but more like a very very thick pancake.
Kutsina is probably closer to the porridge/pudding that you're thinking of... I want to try my own hand at making kutsinta, but I can't find lye water anywhere and I'm afraid to make my own with lye and water in case I end up eating soap. Between the lye, and the cyanide content of cassava, pichi-pichi is probably the most dangerous food I'll ever try to make in my kitchen. The other two above should be safe!
On the Chinese culinary side: Yup, steamed pao with bean filling or yam filling is one of my favorites! I have no idea how to make it from scratch, though.